I spent a little time tonight poking around inside a virtual machine booted on the Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud web service. I knew that they used Xen for virtualization, but that’s about all. Here’s what I found.
Opteron Inside
Looking at /proc/cpuinfo
, it looks like the host machine is running an AMD Opteron 2.4 GHz processor. Very nice.
Custom domU Kernel
Yes, Amazon uses their own custom-built domU Linux kernel built as a monolithic kernel image with no module support. You can put whatever kernel you want on your filesystem image; it will be ignored completely.
Here’s what uname
reports:
Linux domU-xx-xx-xx-xx-xx-xx 2.6.16-xenU #1 SMP Wed Dec 20 12:45:04 SAST 2006 i686 athlon i386 GNU/Linux
/tmp can be nearly infinite
All you need to do is mount /dev/sda2
to get a freaking huge virtual disk for scratch space:
[root@domU-xx-xx-xx-xx-xx-xx ~]# mount -t ext3 /dev/sda2 /tmp
[root@domU-xx-xx-xx-xx-xx-xx ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda1 4.4G 2.1G 2.1G 51% /
none 851M 0 851M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda2 147G 189M 140G 1% /tmp
1.8 GB of RAM Ought to be Enough for Anybody
[root@domU-xx-xx-xx-xx-xx-xx ~]# free
total used free shared buffers cached
Mem: 1740944 614080 1126864 0 78224 363436
-/+ buffers/cache: 172420 1568524
Swap: 1023992 0 1023992
This particular AMI image was configured with a 1.0 GB swapfile (/var/swap
), but it turns out that /dev/sda3
is available with about 1.0 GB of swap.
No Loopback Device Support
This may make some people sad.
[root@domU-xx-xx-xx-xx-xx-xx tmp]# mount -t ext2 -o loop foo bar
mount: Could not find any loop device. Maybe this kernel does not know
about the loop device? (If so, recompile or `modprobe loop'.)
Bottom Line
You get to rent a fully functional Linux box for $0.10 an hour. If you need a whole lotta computing power and you want it cheap without having to maintain a farm of machines, then EC2 is definitely the way to go. And, if you want to build a custom Linux appliance for the job, you can get up and running by building a raw filesystem target and following Brett’s instructions.
This will become a lot easier really soon.